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Road surface mirage: A bunch of hot air?

ISSN号：1001-6538
期刊名称：Chinese Science Bulletin
时间：2011.4.4
页码：962-968
分类：O435.1[机械工程—光学工程;理学—光学;理学—物理] P427.112[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
作者机构：[1]State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, [2]Department of Mechamcal and Aerospace Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6975, USA
相关基金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （50636010, 50721005） and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China （B06019）.
相关项目：燃煤排放物生成、控制与资源化利用的基础研究

关键词：海市蜃楼, 热空气, 路面, 表面散射, 温度梯度, 镜面反射, 折射现象, 光线折射, inferior mirage, rough road surface, light reflection, light refraction, Rayleigh criterion

中文摘要：

从道路表面的劣等的幻想是普通现象，它能容易在日常生活被看见。它由于温度坡度在道路表面上面在空气阶层引起的折射索引坡度作为轻折射现象在文学被认出了。然而，幻想只是在擦伤发生的镜子的思考的现象，这也被建议。因为合理、量的证据的缺乏，通常接受的轻折射理论还没被反驳了。这里，我们显示出在尤贾尚·诺思道路从道路表面段捕获的一些像镜子的思考图象，中国武汉当以上上没有明显的温度坡度时道路，在 2009 年 12 月在一冬季天测量了。怀疑温度的这条提供的直接证据导致了劣等的幻想的轻折射机制。而且，大约 0.2 的批评放牧角度？

英文摘要：

The inferior mirage from road surfaces is a common phenomenon, which can be easily seen in everyday life. It has been recog- nized in the literature as a light refraction phenomenon due to the refractive index gradient caused by the temperature gradient in the air strata above the road surfaces. However, it was also suggested that the mirage is just a phenomenon of specular reflection at grazing incidence. Because of the lack of reasonable and quantitative evidence, the generally accepted light refraction theory has not yet been refuted. Here we show some mirror-like reflection images captured from a road surface stretch in Yujiashan North Road, Wuhan, China, when there was no obvious temperature gradient on or above the road, measured on a winter day in December 2009. This provided direct evidence to doubt the temperature induced light refraction mechanism of the inferior mirage Furthermore, the critical grazing angle of about 0.2~ to the road plane where the mirror-like reflection appears could not make the rough surface scatter incident light as a smooth surface according to the Rayleigh criterion. Therefore the phenomenon is a mirror- like observation effect of scattering from the surface, which cannot be entirely explained by light refraction via air strata. The results demonstrate that the image-formation mechanism and the observer-based-analysis method shown here potentially offer a means of understanding a wide range of scattering phenomena from rough surfaces at grazing angle; for example, the superior mirages of unusual brightness occasionally observed over frozen lakes and the off-specular reflection phenomenon.

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