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中文摘要：
针对我国对高线密度X射线镂空透射光栅在空间环境探测和激光等离子体诊断方面的需求，将电子束光刻和X射线光刻技术相结合，制备出33331／mmX射线全镂空透射光栅，栅线宽度接近150nm，周期300nm，栅线厚度为500nm，有效光栅面积达到609，6。首先利用电子束光刻和微电镀技术在镂空聚酰亚胺薄膜底衬上制备X射线母光栅掩模，然后利用X射线光刻和微电镀技术实现了光栅图形的复制品，之后采用紫外光刻和微电镀技术制作加强筋结构，最后通过腐蚀体硅和等离子体刻蚀聚酰亚胺完成镂空透射光栅的制作。在国家同步辐射实验室光谱辐射和计量实验站上对此光栅在5～23nm波段进行了衍射效率标定。标定结果表明所制备的光栅栅线平滑，占空比合理，侧壁陡直，不同光栅之间一致性好，完全可以满足应用需求。
英文摘要：
To meet the need of high density X-ray self-standing transmission gratings for space detecting and laser plasma diagnostics in China, 3 333 1/mm self-standing transmission gratings were successfully fabricated with the e-beam lithography and X-ray lithography. The grating bar thickness was 500 nm, the width was 150 nm, the period was 300 nm and the effeetive area was 60%. Firstly, the masks of X-ray master gratings were fabricated on polyimide membrane sub- strates by the e-beam lithography and micro-electroplating technology. Then, the replicas of grating patterns were realized by X-ray lithography and micro-electroplating. After that, the strengthened structures were fabricated with the U-V lithography and micro-electroplating. Finally, the fabrication of X-ray completely hollow-out self-standing transmission gratings werefulfilled by the technology of etching and inductively coupled plasma （ICP）. In National Syn- chronal Radiation Laboratory, the diffraction efficieney of the gratings was measured at 5 - 23 nm band. The results show that the gratings are of smooth bars, reasonable ratio, steep straight profile, and outstanding consistency, satisfying the application requirements.
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