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中文摘要：
19世纪70年代至一战爆发前夕，阿根延通过大力发展初级产品出口而获得了经济的迅速增长和社会的长足进步。然而，从20世纪30年代开始，阿根廷逐步蜕变成一个政局动荡、社会分裂、经济停滞的“衰败国家”。导致这种结果的主要原因在于过度依赖初级产品出口部门的发展，而忽视了对国内工业部门的扶持。事实上，从19世纪70年代起，阿根廷国内围绕是否通过关税保护政策，扶持工业部门发展的问题，进行了几次激烈的辩论。随着国内外政治、经济环境的变化和辩论的不断深入，阿根廷的进口替代工业化战略在大萧条后逐步得以确立。
英文摘要：
Argentina, depending upon the rapid growth of the export of the primary products, experienced its early transi- tion from the traditional society to the modem one during the period from 1870 to 1914, when has been regarded as the Ep- oca Bella of the Argentine modernization process. However, Argentina has gradually moved from crisis to crisis, sinking as a ＂decayed nation＂ characterizing with political chaos, social disruption and economic stagnation since the 1930s. That is the so -called ＂Argentine riddle＂. This article systematically researches the historical process of establishing the import substitution industrialization strategy in Argentina, through reviewing the various controversies regarding whether Argentina should develop industries from the 1870s to the outbreak of the World War II, in order to understand exactly the origins of the ＂Argentine riddle＂.
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