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中文摘要：
建立了相干激光雷达平衡外差探测的理论模型及其数学描述，包括响应电流模型和信噪比模型。在两个模型的基础上，对平衡外差探测与一般相干探测进行比较，分析出它在消除本振相对强度噪声、提高信噪比和充分利用本振光功率上的优势。最后利用MATLAB数值仿真，着重研究了平衡外差探测方法的信噪比，验证了其在相干激光雷达探测上的优越性，并分析了耦合器分柬比、光电探测器量子效率匹配程度和本振光功率对平衡外差探测的影响，给出了仿真结果。
英文摘要：
The theoretical model and mathematical description of balanced heterodyne detection for coherent lidar were established, including the response current model and signal to noise ratio （SNR） model. Balanced heterodyne detection and common coherent detection were compared based on the two models, and the advantages of balanced heterodyne detection on elimination of LO intensity noise, improving of SNR and using of the LO power were performed. Using MATLAB numerical simulation, the advantages of balanced heterodyne detection for coherent lidar were verified, and the impact of the coupler splitting ratio, the quantum efficiency matching degree of photo electric detector and LO power on balanced heterodyne detection were analyzed, and the simulation results were given.
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