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中文摘要：
应用RAPD技术对贵州矮马的遗传多样性进行研究，并与伊犁马进行比较。以120条RAPD引物对两个马品种的混合基因组DNA进行筛选，发现6条引物可产生多态性，并用其对84份样品进行扩增，共获得123条带．其中101条为多态性条带。研究结果表明，贵州矮马与伊犁马的Nei指数分别为0．3136和0．3098，两个品种间遗传分化系数为4．74％，说明贵州矮马的遗传变异较伊犁马小，贵州矮马与伊犁马品种间的基因交流很少；计算个体的遗传相似系数并建立了系统发育树，获得9个分支，其中3个分支中两种马的分布比例相近，其他分支由1个马品种独享占主导，第4、5、6支中两种马所占的比例相近，说明两个马品种拥有共同的祖先．在较早的时间分离后单独进化。摘要：应用RAPD技术对贵州矮马的遗传多样性进行研究，并与伊犁马进行比较。以120条RAPD引物对两个马品种的混合基因组DNA进行筛选，发现6条引物可产生多态性，并用其对84份样品进行扩增，共获得123条带．其中101条为多态性条带。研究结果表明，贵州矮马与伊犁马的Nei指数分别为0．3136和0．3098，两个品种间遗传分化系数为4．74％，说明贵州矮马的遗传变异较伊犁马小，贵州矮马与伊犁马品种间的基因交流很少；计算个体的遗传相似系数并建立了系统发育树，获得9个分支，其中3个分支中两种马的分布比例相近，其他分支由1个马品种独享占主导，第4、5、6支中两种马所占的比例相近，说明两个马品种拥有共同的祖先．在较早的时间分离后单独进化。
英文摘要：
The genetic variations of Guizhou pony and Ili horse were analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA （RAPD） marker. Six single polymorphic primers were selected from 120 primers. A total of 123 bands were amplified and 101 bands showed plenty of polymorphisms. As analyzed by POPGENE software, Nei＇s genetic diversity of Guizhou pony and Ill horse were calculated to be 0.3136 and 0.3098, respectively. It indicated that the genetic diversity in Guizhou pony was less than that in Ili horse. The proportion of the genetic differentiation among Guizhou pony and Ili horse （GST） was 4.74%, which illustrated that gene exchange between Guizhou pony and Ili horse was very low. The individual genetic similarity coefficient was calculated and the dendrogram was established with NTsys 2.10e software. Eighty-four samples was divided into nine branches in the dendrogram. Only Guizhou pony or Ili horse distributed in six branches while both of them shared the other three branches. It suggested that Guizhou pony and Ill horse might share a common ancestor but separated from each other in the early dates and continued evolution process independently.
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