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中文摘要：
载畜量调控是草地放牧系统优化的主要技术环节。在昆明小哨示范牧场设轻牧、中牧、重牧3个载畜量处理,对应的载畜量分别为每公顷0.74、1.52、2.24个牛单位。每个处理设3个放牧小区进行轮牧,轮牧周期3个月。每个月测定牧草的生长量、饲草现存量、饲草养分;6月和10月两次测定地下生物量。结果表明,随着载畜量的增加,草地牧草的生长量也随之增加,轻牧、中牧、重牧的年度累计生长量分别为8667、9486和10264kg/hm2。同一时间段载畜量越高,牧草现存量越低。枯草期牧草的粗蛋白含量随载畜量的增加而降低,粗脂肪的差异则不大。生长期3个载畜量的草地牧草的粗蛋白、粗脂肪等主要营养成分差异均不大。草地牧草的地下生物量主要集中在0～10 cm的土层中,10月份地下牧草根量呈现出随载畜量增大而增加的趋势。3个载畜量条件下的轮牧小区均没有出现草地退化现象。
英文摘要：
Grazing capacity regulation is the main technical link of the grassland grazing system optimization.Three levels of grazing capacity,light grazing（L）,medium grazing（M）and heavy grazing（H）,were set on the model farm of Xiaoshao,Kunming,of which the grazing capacities were 0.74,1.52 and 2.24 AU（animal unit）/hm2respectively.Each treatment had three grazing plots,the rotational grazing period was three months.The above-ground biomass,standing stock and nutrients of forage were determined in each month,the underground biomass were dertermined in June and October.The results showed as followed： Forage yield increased with the increase of grazing capacity,and the annual accumulation of forage DM in the three treatments were 8 667,9 486 and 10 264 kg/hm2;During the same period,the higher the grazing capacity,the lower the forage standing stock;During the withered period,the crude protein content of forage tended to decrease with the increase of grazing capacity,but the difference of crude fat content was small between the treatments;During the growth period,the crude protein,crude fat and other nutrients of forage were slightly different among the three treatments;The underground biomass of forage gathered mostly in the soil layer from zero to ten centimeters tended to increase with the increase of grazing capacity in October.The phenomenon of grassland degradation did not take place on rotational grazing plots with three different levels of grazing capacity.
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