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放牧对三江平原小叶章草甸初级生产力及营养动态的影响

ISSN号：1007-0435
期刊名称：《草地学报》
时间：0
分类：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学;农业科学—畜牧学;农业科学—畜牧兽医]
作者机构：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030
相关基金：公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费（200903060）资助

关键词：小叶章草甸, 放牧强度, 现存量, 净初级生产力, 营养动态, Deyeuxia angustifolia meadow, Grazing intensity, Standing crop, Net primary productivity, Nutrient dynamic

中文摘要：

在黑龙江省三江平原小叶章（Deyeuxia angustifolia）草甸进行的第1年放牧,通过在放牧季（6月中旬-9月中旬）采用移动围笼法观测不同放牧强度（对照：零放牧,轻度：0.87头牛.hm-2,中度：1.42头牛.hm^-2和重度：1.94头牛.hm^-2）对其植被初级生产力及营养动态变化的影响,以期为该地区小叶章草甸资源的可持续利用提供理论依据。结果表明：群落净初级生产力随着放牧强度的增加而降低,轻度放牧与对照差异不显著,中度和重度放牧分别比对照降低45.16%和52.82%（P〈0.05）。在整个放牧季内,轻度、中度和重度放牧下群落地上现存量最大值都出现在7月中旬,其次为8月中旬,9月中旬最低。随着放牧的进行,群落植物粗蛋白质和酸性洗涤纤维含量下降,粗脂肪含量上升;群落植物钙含量在各月份间差异不显著,轻度和中度放牧下群落植物钙含量高于对照区和重度放牧区。放牧初期（6-7月）,磷含量变化规律性较强,随着放牧的进行,各放牧强度下不同月份间磷含量变化均表现出先增加后下降的趋势,且最大值出现在8月的中度放牧区为0.67%,分别比6月和9月高48.89%和55.81%（P〈0.05）。

英文摘要：

Primary productivity and seasonal dynamics under different grazing intensities were studied for a Deyeuxia angustifolia meadow in Heilongjiang province to provide a theoretical basis for the resource sustainable use of Sanjiang plain.No grazing,light grazing（0.87 cows·hm^-2）,moderate grazing（1.42 cows·hm^-2） and heavy grazing（1.94 cows·hm^-2） were designed as four treatments during the grazing season（mid-June to September）.Each treatment had six mobile cages and three repetitions.Aboveground standing crop of inner and outside cage and nutrition content of community plants were measured each month.Results showed that aboveground net primary productivities declined with increased grazing intensities;light grazing had no significant difference comparing with no grazing;moderate and heavy grazing were 45.16% and 52.82% lower than no grazing（P〈0.05）.The maximum aboveground standing crop occurred at mid-July under all tested grazing intensities,followed by mid-August and the lowest one occurred at mid-September.The contents of crude protein,acid detergent fiber decreased and the content of crude fat increased with the increasing of grazing intensity.The calcium contents of light and mediate grazing plots were higher than that of no grazing and heavy grazing.Phosphorus had an obvious change regularity with increased grazing intensities which first increased then decreased.The maximum phosphorus content（0.67%） occurred at moderate grazing in August and was 48.89% and 55.81% higher than that in June and September,respectively（P〈0.05）.

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