中文摘要：

目的探索2012-2016年6类严重耐药菌在神经外科医源性感染病人的流行病学研究。方法收集2012年1月至2016年12月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科术后病人脑脊液培养阳性的6类耐药菌并分析其分类与耐药问题。结果5年来,脑脊液培养阳性分离株共2 250株。其中6类致病菌共523株,占23.2%,肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率高于屎肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌与肠杆菌属。2012-2016年神经外科医源性感染金黄色葡萄球菌方面,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）的构成比高达49%,肺炎克雷伯菌与鲍曼不动杆菌的碳青霉烯耐药率也高于40.0%。结论 2012-2016年间,6类常见院内感染致病菌在神经系统医源性感染方面耐药较为严重,尤其是MRSA、万古霉素耐药肠杆菌（vancomycin resistant Enterobacteriaceae,VRE）、碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌（carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae,CRE）等耐药菌的泛滥,使得临床上选择抗生素对神经外科医源性感染的疗效不容乐观。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the epidemiological features of six kinds of severe drug-resistant bacteria in patients with neurosurgery-induced infection in 2012-2016.Methods Six kinds of antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in patients with neurosurgery were collected from January 2012 to December 2016 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and their epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance were analyzed.Results In the past 5 years, 2 250 isolates of pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid culture were isolated.Among them, the separation rate of six strains of pathogenic bacteria is 23.2%, accounting forKlebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus was higher than that of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.The resistance rate of MRSA was higher than 40.0%, and the resistance rate of carbapenem to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii was higher than 40.0%.Conclusion In the period of 2012-2016, six kinds of common nosocomial infection pathogens were more resistant to iatrogenic infection in the neurosurgical patients, especially the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）, vancomycin resistant Enterobacteriaceae （VRE） and （carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae （CRE）, and the clinical selection of antibiotics for neurosurgery.The ESKAPE infection in neurosurgery ward is bad.