中文摘要：

政策执行难是学校体育政策实践中的突出问题,滞碍着学校体育政策目标的实现和改革的推进。化解学校体育政策执行困境,必须深刻揭示政策参与者的行为逻辑,剖析政策执行受阻的根本原因,进而提出有效的应对之策。采用文献资料研究、逻辑分析等方法,结合对制度主义理论、集体行动理论和人类理性结构的综合阐析,提出了“观念-利益-制度”的学校体育政策执行问题分析框架。分析认为,政策参与者支持政策与否,并非源于对观念的守持,而是基于对利益的权衡,而利益的调协则又离不开制度的规约。因此,推进学校体育政策的有效执行,必须在加强政策教化的同时,着力进行制度的改造与创新,使政策参与者切身利益的获取与其政策遵守情况密切关联。通过推进考试制度改革,实施选择性激励制度,完善监督、评估与责任追究机制,加强非正式制度的培育,形塑学校体育政策执行的柔性约束防线,形成“背景性制度与执行性制度”、“正式制度与非正式制度”相结合的制度网络,从而为规范学校体育政策执行行为,提升政策执行效率提供有力保障。

英文摘要：

Difficulty of policy implementation is a characteristic feature for policy practice in school physical education, as has been seriously obstructing the achievement of policy goals and promotion of physical education reform. To resolve this dilemma, we must reveal policy subjects＇ behavior logic deeply, examine the fundamental cause for the dilemmas of the implementation and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. With methods of literature review, logic analysis, and in the light of integrate explanation on institutionalism, collective action theory and human ra- tionality structure, this paper builds an exploratory framework of ＂notions--interests--institu- tions＂ to explain policy implementation process of school physical education. The result shows that whether the policy subjects care to obey and implement policy or not doesn＇ t depend on their sustaining to the notions of education, but the balance on educational interests. And the primary channel to coordinate the interests is to reform institutional arrangements. So, to optimize policy implementation process effectively, we must concentrate our efforts on institutions＇ reconstruction and initiation as we strengthen policy propaganda and make sure that policy subjects could get as much mileage out of their conscientious implementation. Finally, in a perspective of interests rec- onciling, this paper suggests that we should set up structured institution network which includes background institutions and supporting institutions, formal institutions and informal institutions through forging ahead with reform of examination system, designing and carrying out selective in- centives system, establishing and perfecting supervision, assessment and accountability system, and forming soft restraint line with individual ethical duty, value belief and cultural cognition as the core, etc, so as to provide powerful system support for regulating subjects＇ behavior and im- proving the efficiency of policy implementation in school physical education.