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煤岩体水力致裂理论及其工艺技术框架

ISSN号：1673-3363
期刊名称：采矿与安全工程学报
时间：2011
页码：167-173
分类：TD313[矿业工程—矿井建设]
作者机构：[1]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116, [2]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116, [3]河南神火集团,河南永城476600
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（51004104）; 国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2007CB209400）
相关项目：煤岩体水力爆破致裂弱化与增透的机理研究

关键词：煤岩体, 水力致裂, 裂缝扩展, 强度弱化, 增透, coal-rock mass, hydraulic fracturing, crack propagation, weaken strength, increase permeability

中文摘要：

煤岩体结构改造是解决煤矿许多技术难题的共性核心科学问题,水力致裂是实现煤岩体结构改造的有效途径.深入分析了煤岩体的结构与物理力学特性,煤岩体水力致裂的水压裂缝扩展及物理化学作用,在此基础上,提出了相应的水力致裂控制技术,并将其在煤矿中的应用进行了分析介绍.煤层的内部结构由裂缝-割理与层理-微裂隙-孔隙四级空间结构体系组成.煤层质软、瓦斯的吸附解吸效应、天然裂缝发育等因素导致煤岩体水力致裂变得复杂.煤岩体水力致裂通过水压主裂缝扩展、翼型分支裂纹扩展和吸水湿润作用,达到结构改造、强度弱化和增透等工程需要,针对不同工程3种作用的侧重点有所不同.提出了预先水力割缝定向致裂技术.提出了水力爆破致裂弱化与增透方法,在水压控制爆破后进行水力致裂,实验证明是一种增加水压裂缝数目和范围的有效方法.煤岩体水力致裂在煤矿中可以应用于坚硬顶板控制、坚硬顶煤的弱化、应力定向转移、局部集中应力解除、强度弱化减冲、含瓦斯煤层增透、煤与瓦斯突出的防治等,在实践中已取得显著功效.

英文摘要：

The structure transform of coal-rock mass is an universal scientific issue for solving many technical problems in coal mine.Hydraulic fracturing is an effective method to transform the coal-rock structure.Aiming at this issue,we analyzed the structure and physico-mechanical properties of coal-rock mass and the hydraulic crack propagation and physical chemistry effect of hydraulic fracturing of coal-rock mass.On this basis,we propose the corresponding hydraulic fracturing control technology and analyze its application in coal mine.The internal structure of coal is composed by four-stage spatial structure system which comprises crack-cleat and stratification-micro fissure-pore.The soft texture of coal,the effect of gas adsorption analysis,the development of natural fractures,and other factors make the hydraulic fracturing of rock-mass complicated.In order to meet the structural transformation,strength decrease,permeability increase,and other engineering needs,the process of hydraulic fracturing for coal rock mass is from the propagation of main hydraulic cracks,the propagation of airfoil branch fissures propagation,and water absorption wetting.The focuses of these three effects are different on different projects.Directional fracturing technology with beforehand hydraulic slotting has been proposed.The weakening strength and increasing permeability technology of hydraulic blasting fracturing has been put forward.The experimental results have proved that the hydraulic fracturing,after water pressure control blasting,is an efficient way to increase the number and range of hydraulic cracks.Hydraulic fracturing of coal-rock mass can be used to control hard roof,to weaken the hard top coal,to transfer the stress directionally,to release the local concentrated stress,to weaken the strength and shock,to increase the permeability of gas-filled coal seam,and to prevent coal-gas from outbursting,and so on,.

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