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柴油机喷嘴空蚀特性研究进展

ISSN号：1008-0813
期刊名称：《液压气动与密封》
时间：0
分类：TK421.4[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]
作者机构：江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,镇江212013
相关基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51276084,51176066）; 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（2014-2017）; 高校博士点专项基金（20133227110007）

关键词：柴油机, 压力, 燃油, 近场喷雾锥角, 喷射, 喷孔直径, diesel engines, pressure, fuel oils, near-field spray cone angle, injection, nozzle diameter

中文摘要：

为研究近场喷雾锥角的变化及其对初次雾化的影响,在可视化定容弹试验台上,采用超高速数码摄影和长距工作显微成像技术相结合的方法,研究了不同喷射压力、背压及孔径对距喷孔出口4 mm范围内高速射流的喷雾锥角的影响。结果表明,在整个喷油过程中,近场喷雾锥角呈现三段式的发展,存在2个波峰＂始峰＂和＂尾峰＂以及一个稳定波动段;启喷阶段,喷射压力越高近场喷雾锥角的＂始峰＂值越大,且＂始峰＂出现的越早,喷油器的启喷性能也越好,而背压对启喷性能影响较小;结束阶段,随着喷射压力和背压的升高,近场喷雾锥角的＂尾峰＂值越大,同时＂尾峰＂出现的时刻更为靠后;稳定阶段,背压越大,近场喷雾锥角越大,而近场喷雾锥角随喷孔直径的增加呈现出减小的趋势。

英文摘要：

The near- field spray cone angle is one of the significant indicators that evaluate the primary atomization quality in the near-field area, the dynamic characteristics of which has a remarkable impact on the subsequent secondary atomization and combustion performance. However, the variation of near- field spray cone angle in the whole spray process is rarely studied. In order to make up for this work and provide a new reference for improving atomization performance, the characteristics of near- field spray cone angle of diesel jets 4 mm away from the nozzle tip under different injection pressures, back pressures and nozzle diameters were experimentally investigated by photography technique with the help of backlighting. An ultra- high speed digital camera of the Photron Fastcam SAZ type was employed with the maximum shooting frequency of 210000 fps（frames per second）, and a fixed resolution of 384×160pixels and a pixel size of 20 μm × 20 μm were obtained; and the exposure time of 250 ns was selected, which greatly reduced the trailing phenomenon. In addition, the high- resolution long distance microscope with the working distance ranging from 56 to 140 cm was employed. And a high pressure diesel fuel pump driven by a converter motor provided a controllable fuel pressure up to 160 MPa to the common rail. The injection pulse width was set as 1500 μs in the experiment and 3 different injection pressures were chosen, namely, 40, 60 and 80 MPa. Besides, the nozzle diameters were 0.12, 0.16 and 0.18 mm respectively and 4 back pressures were selected（0.1, 2, 3 and 4 MPa）. To thoroughly investigate the variation characteristics of near-field spray cone angle, the whole spray process was divided into 3 stages,i.e., the beginning stage, the steady stage and the ending stage based on the needle valve lift curve while the injection pressure was 80 MPa. The results indicated that near- field spray cone angle presented a three- stage development, and there were 2 peaks（the beginning-period peak and the ending-pe

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