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中文摘要：
结构的主动控制通常是通过对结构的少数几个主要模态的控制来实现的。常用的假设模态法可以建立系统的低阶近似运动方程,但很难找到适用于整个系统的假设模态;有限元法的求解精度较高,但得到的动力学方程数目较大,影响系统后续计算分析的效率。本文在超声电机定子振动模态有限元分析的基础上,引入模态选择方法,对结构模态截断,仅保留特定的模态来实现模型降阶。以旋转型行波超声电机定子为例,用APDL实现了从有限元分析结果中自动识别工作模态,提取特定的模态参数和相应等效电路模型的电学参数,仿真计算了定子的机械和电学响应。激光多普勒测振试验得到的定子工作模态频率与假设模态法计算值的相对误差为9.1%,与有限元法计算值的相对误差为0.3%;动力响应的试验值与模态选择法计算值的相对误差为3%。实验结果表明,本文采取的模态参数提取方法是有效的,相比假设模态法能更精确地反映实际自由定子的运动状况。
英文摘要：
The active controls of structures are always realized by controlling a few major modes. The assumed modal method can be used to establish a low-order motion equation to reduce modes, but it is difficult to find a suitable assumed mode for the entire system. Moreover,although the solution precision of the finite element method is higher, the greater number of freedom degrees can affect the subsequent computation efficiency. Based on the finite element analysis on the vibration mode of the stator in an ultrasonic motor, this paper presents a modal truncation method to reduce the dimension of the finite element model and to reserve the special modes. By taking a stator in the travelling rotory ultrasonic motor TRUM as an example,the ANSYS Parametric Design Language（APDL） is used to recognize the working mode automatically, to extract the electrical parameters of equivalent circuit model and to calculate the mechanical and electrical responses simulatively. The dynamic properties of the structure are simulated and tested with a laser Doppler vibrometer. Comparing with experiment results of the working mode frequency, the relative error is 9.1% to the assumed modal method, and 0.3% to the finite element method. For the stable response, the relative error between the observation and the calculation of the modal truncation method is 3% It is shown that the acquisition method of modal parameters is effective and the modal parameters reflect the actual motion state of the free stator more precisely than that of the assumed modal method.
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