中文摘要：

目的了解小学生与初中生、男生与女生对近视眼病因的了解程度，为相应干预措施的制定提供科学依据。方法2016年整群抽取大连市普兰店区中小学566名学生进行调查，要求其列举5个近视眼病因。结果调查566名学生，回答的病因频次共有3160个，主要病因集中在27个，占95．73％。学段之间比较，回答率有统计学意义的病因18个，其中，小学高于初中的有13个（P〈0．05）。广义的电脑（79．90％和59．41％）、电视（79．38％和49．19％）、电脑（71．65％和50．54％）、各种姿势（62．37％和40．05％）、用眼时间过长（41．75％和24．73％）、广义的用眼不卫生（35．57％和16．67％）、广义的睡眠不足（34．54％和19．09％）、时间长（31．44％和11．83％）、用眼不卫生（27．84％和3．23％）、读写（27．84％和16．94％）、熬夜（26．80％和16．40％）、坐姿（26．29％和11．02％）、睡眠不足（7．73％和2．69％），小学低于初中的有5个（P〈0．05）：躺着阅读（24．23％和36．02％）、课业负担（2．58％和16．94％）、眼操不足（3．61％和14．52％）、走路看（O％和9．68％）、车上看（2．06％和5．91％）。性别之间比较，回答率有统计学意义的仅有4个：各种姿势（男生42．66％和女生52．86％）、暗光读写（23．43Voo和31．07％）、坐姿（11．19％和21．43％）、睡眠不足（1．40％和7．50％），都是女生高（P〈0．05）。结论学生近视眼病因掌握上，性别比较有差异的项目较少，而且，都表现为女生回答率高于男生；学段比较，有差异的项目较多，而且，多数表现为小学生回答率高于初中生。

英文摘要：

Objective To understand the knowledge on the cause of myopia between 10-12y and 13-15y students and be- tween male and female students, so as to provide scientific basis for working out intervention measures for the control on myopia. Methods A total of 566 primary and high school students were randomly selected in pulandian district,Dalian city,and were demanded to list and sequence 5 causes of myopia. Results A total of 566 students were surveyed,the an- swered etiology frequencies were a total of 3 160, the main cause were concentrated in 27 ,accounting for 95.73 %. In com- parison between learning period, the answered rate was statistically significant in 18 causes,, that of the elementary school was higher than that of the junior high school in 13 （ P d0.05）. Generalized computer （79.90% and 59.41%） ,television （79.38% and 49.19%）,computers （71： 65% and 50.54%）,various postures （62.37% and 40.05%）,too long eye use （41.75% and 24.73%）,generalized unhealthy eye use （35.57% and 16.67%）,generalized sleep insufficiency （34.54% and 19.09%）,long time eye use （31.44% and 11.83%）, unhealthy eye use （27.84% and 3.23%）, reading and writing （27.84% and 16.94%）, staying up late （26.80% and 16.40%）, posture （26.29% and 11.02%）, insufficient sleep （7.73% and 2.69%）. That of the elementary was lower than that of the junior in 5 （ P〈0.05）. Lying down reading （24.23% and 36.02M） ,schoolwork burden （2.58% and 16.94%） ,lack of exercise （3.61% and 14.52%） ,walking while reading（0% and 9.68%）, reading in car （2.06 % and 5.91%）. In comparison between gender, the answered rate was sta- tistically significant in only 4：all kinds of postures （42.66% and 42.66 % for boys and girls）, reading in dark, （23.43% and 31.07%） ,sitting posture （11.19% and 21.43%） ,insufficient sleep （1.40% and 7.50%） ,all were higher in girls （P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are small gaps between male and female but big gaps between the primary schools and j