中文摘要：

目的描述与比较北温带某海岛县4组儿童的远视力状况,探讨海岛、性别与近视眼的关联。方法整群选取3所幼儿园儿童214人、428只眼,按照年级、性别、籍贯分组。测定远视力。描述指标为平均视力、平均视角的环比和定基比。结果全体男童平均视力（4.904）与女童（4.910）的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;本地儿童（4.910）与外来儿童（4.904）也无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。4个分组的平均视力：本地男童（4.918）=外来女童（4.918）〉本地女童（4.901）〉外来男童（4.887）。本地男童与本地女童差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;外来男童与外来女童差异却有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;本地男童与外来男童差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;但本地女童与外来女童差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。小班,视力最低的是本地男童（4.823）,视力最高的是外来男童（4.854）。与大班比较,视力提升最慢的是外来男童（视角定基比84.14%）;视力提升最快的是外来女童（定基比71.28%）,本地男童也较快（定基比71.62%）。结论幼儿阶段,男童与女童视力差异无统计学意义;海岛本地儿童与外来儿童差异也无统计学意义;外来女童和本地男童视力发育较快,将较早地发生近视眼。

英文摘要：

Objective To depict and compare the distance vision （DV） of children among 4 groups in an island （Changhai County） of Dalian City and to probe the relationship among the sexuality, inland and myopia. Methods The dis tance vision data were collected from 428 eyes of 214 children who were divided into 4 groups by sex and native place. The arithmetic mean of vision （AMV）, the mean visual angle （MVA）, the relative ratio with fixed base （RRFB） and the link relative ratio （LRR） were calculated. Results The AMVs of 4 groups were as following： male local students （MLS, 4.918） = female foreign students （FFS） （4.918）〉 female local students （FLS, 4.901）〉 male foreign students （MFS, 4.887）. In comparisons of AMVs, there were no significant differences between the male （4.904） and the female （4.910, P=0.514）, between the local stu- dents （LS, 4.910） and the foreign students （FS, 4.904, P=0.198）, between MLS and FLS （P=0.245）, and between FLS and FFS （P=0.429）, but there were significant differences between MFS and FFS （Z=-2.270, P=0.023） and between MLS and MFS （P= 0.005）. For 4-year old students, the AMV of MLS was the lowest （4.823）, and the AMV of MFS was the highest （4.854）. From 4-year old to 6-year old, the AMV of MFS was developing with the lowest velocity （RRFB of MVA was 84.14%）, while the AMV of FFS was the fastest （RRFB of MVA was 71.28%）, and the AMV of MLS was also faster （RRFB of MVA was 71.62%）. Conclusion In the stage of the infant, the AMVs of the male and female are similar; the AMVs of island infants and foreign infants are also similar, the AMVs of FFS and MLS developed faster than those of others, so they may fall into myopia earlier.