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中文摘要：
期望反应模式是认知诊断分类的类中心,确定了诊断范围中属性及其层级关系后,类中心的数目由测验Q矩阵决定.类中心应该是完备的,即理论上有多少个知识状态就应该有多少个类中心,这涉及评分方式、Q矩阵设计、Q矩阵评价与修改、认知诊断测验如何实施等问题的讨论.重点给出多级评分认知诊断测验不同属性层级对应的完备Q矩阵设计的例子和罗列了Wang等人（2013）的Q矩阵修改的方法.
英文摘要：
The expected response patterns are the centers of cognitive diagnostic classification. Given the attributes and their hierarchy in the domain concerned, the number of classification centers is determined by the test Q matrix. The number of the classification centers must coincide with the number of the knowledge states to improve the cognitive diagnostic accuracy. It stimulates researches on desig- ning of Q matrix, modifying Q matrix and how to develop cognitive diagnostic test. There are some examples of perfect Q matrices for polytomous cognitive diagnosis to all basic attribute hierarchies. And some newer methods to modify the Q matrix are listed.
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