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中文摘要：
在中国水产养殖业高速发展的同时，各类水产病害亦迅速增加，而药物防治作为中国水产动物疾病防治的主要方式，其安全性已经引起了社会的普遍关注。而要保证水产养殖动物及养殖生态环境的安全，就必须重视渔药的安全性评估。本文在总结中国当前渔药安全隐患的基础上，着重介绍了GABA受体类型及其结构特征，对GABA受体在渔药安全性评估和渔药研发中的实验结果及应用进行了详细论述，认为将GABA受体的多样性及其亚基选择性引入到渔药研发创新中具有广阔前景。本文对推进中国渔药安全性评估体系建设、提高水产品质量安全和促进水产养殖专用渔药的研发具有一定的理论指导意义，有利于提高中国水产养殖过程中渔药的安全使用，推动水产养殖业的可持续发展。
英文摘要：
The rapid development of China＇ s aquaculture industry has resulted in the increase of all kinds of aquatic pathogen, while drugs prevention still is the main way for aquatic animal disease prevention and control in China. The drug safety has attracted the attention of all social sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the fishery drugs safety evaluation to ensure the safety of aquatic animals and its breeding ecological environment. This article summarized the hidden troubles of the fishery drugs in China, introduced the GABA receptor types and its structure characteristics, and discussed in detail the results and application of GABA receptor in fishery drugs safety assessment and the research and development of fishery drugs. Moreover, the introduction of the diversity of GABA receptor and its subunit selectivity into new fishery drugs innovation promised great prospects. It will promote the construction of Chinese fishery drugs safety assessment system, assure the quality and safety of aquatic products and promote the standards of aquatic products. Also it can drive the research of special fishery drugs in aquaculture, improve safe us- age of fishery drugs, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese aquaculture industry.
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