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中文摘要：
在长江口日本鳗鲡鳗苗捕捞汛期,于长江靖江段采集日本鳗鲡幼体,采用同步辐射X射线荧光（XRF）定量分析方法测定了幼体矢耳石中14种元素的含量,分析了在海洋与淡水早期生活史阶段的微化学特征。结果显示,耳石中Ca和Sr为常量元素,Ba、Fe、Mn、Zn的含量也为1~10μg/g,Cr、Ni、Se、Co、Cu、Au则在1μg/g以下。Ni、Cu、Mn、Cr、Co、Zn和Sr含量的稳定性较好,全部测量值的变异系数在30%以下;Se、Au的含量低且极不稳定,变异系数达40.8%~75.0%;Fe在不同个体间存在显著的含量差异,但其他元素不存在个体差异。在海洋生活史阶段,Mn、Se、Co、Ba为强富集元素（BCFa-e〉1 000）,Sr、Fe、Zn、Ni、Cu为中等富集元素（BCFa-e在100~1 000）。除Sr、Ba和Se外,卵黄囊期和柳叶鳗期的耳石富集系数并无显著差异。在淡水生活史阶段,Sr和Co为强富集元素（BCFf〉1 000）,Se、Zn、Cu、Ba、M n为中等富集元素（BCFf在100~1 000）,Ni、Fe为低富集元素（BCFf在10~100）。与海水阶段相比,耳石在淡水阶段的Fe、Ba、Mn、Se、Co、Ni富集系数均大幅减小,而对Sr、Zn、Cu的富集能力有所增大。研究表明,耳石内的Sr、Ba、Ni、Co为环境强响应元素,Fe和Mn为环境弱响应元素,Zn、Cu和Se为环境负响应元素,幼鳗自海洋至淡水的迁徙过程中,前者存在明显的时滞效应,但后两者的日间含量波动较大,缺乏响应的规律性。研究表明,用作鱼类迁移行为或栖息地环境变化的指示元素,需要具备耳石富集效应强、时滞效应小、不同环境间含量差异大、稳定性好、且为非必需元素等特点,因此,只有Sr和Ba两种元素符合这些条件。
英文摘要：
Japanese eel（ Anguilla japonica） larvae were collected from the Jingjiang Section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from January to April of 2012. The concentrations of fourteen elements were measured using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence（ SRXRF） to analyze the characteristics of otolith microchemistry in early life phase of the eels in ocean and freshwater. The results showed that Ca and Sr were macroelements in otolith. The contents of other elements ranged from 1 to 10 μg / g（ such as Sr,Ba,Fe,Mn and Zn）,or were below1μg / g（ such as Cr,Ni,Se,Co,Cu and Au）. Ni,Cu,Mn,Cr,Co,Zn and Sr were relatively stable in content and the coefficients of variation（ CV） were less than 30%. While Se,Au,Ba and Fe were lowand extremely unstable（ CV = 40. 8%- 75. 0%）. Kruskal-Wallis analysis indicated that the content of Fe significantly varied among individuals（ P = 0. 007 〈0. 05）. For eels in seawater life stage,Mn,Se,Co and Ba were highly enriched,and BCFfwas higher than 1 000; whilst Sr,Fe,Zn,Ni and Cu were moderately enriched（ 100 BCFa- e 〈1 000）. Except for Sr,Ba and Se,there were no significant differences in enrichment coefficients of otolith between yolksac phase and leptocephalus life phases（ P〉0. 05）. For eels in freshwater life stage,Sr and Co were highly enriched（ BCFf 〉1 000）,while Se,Zn,Cu,Ba and Mn were moderately enriched,under which circumstance,BCFfranged from 100 to 1 000. In addition,Ni and Fe were slightly enriched（ 10 BCFa- e 〈100）. Compared with seawater life stage,the enrichment of Fe,Ba,Mn,Se,Co and Ni in otolith drastically decreased in freshwater. These results indicate that Sr,Ba,Ni and Co are highly responsive to environmental conditions,while Fe and Mn are rarely responsive,and Zn,Cu and Se are negatively responsive. Because environmental high response elements required time lag to pass through physiological barriers before being incorporated into otoliths during migration from seawater to freshwater and because the contents of
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