法国语言学家埃米尔·本维尼斯特(Emile Benveniste)的语言学理论是索绪尔语言学线索上的重要支脉之一.他在话语行为以及语言活动中的主体性等方面的研究,直接影响了符号学家克里斯蒂娃(Julia Kristeva)的“符号心理分析”(sémanalyse)理论的建构.一方面,本维尼斯特对于“说话主体”(le sujet parlant)的发现,影响了克里斯蒂娃的“过程中的主体”理论,而后者将前者看成是重要的、必须超越的边界,对其进行批判性地思考;另一方面,本维尼斯特将弗洛伊德的无意识理论引入语言学的研究中,直接影响并促使克里斯蒂娃在“象征态”的符合句法规范的语言中寻找异质的、他者的“符号态”.最后,克里斯蒂娃的“符号心理分析”理论是符号学本身自我批判、自我修正的具体体现.
The linguistic theory of French linguist Emile Benveniste is one of the important branches of Saussurean linguistics. Benveniste's researches on discursive activity and subjectivity of language activity directly affect the theory construction of Julia Kristeva's semanalyse. On one hand, Kristeva's subject-in-process theory is obviously influenced by Benveniste's speaking subject who is challenged and criticized by the former. On the other hand, the introduction of Freud' unconscious theory to language research 'raised by Benveniste ,directly affects and motivates Kristeva's investigation of the heterogeneous Other namely "the semiotic" raised by Kristeva in the communication language. Kristeva's semanalyse is an embodiment of self-criticism and correction of the semiotic theory.