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我国蛋鸡密集养殖区粪便处理与利用问题探讨

ISSN号：1000-0275
期刊名称：《农业现代化研究》
时间：0
分类：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济] F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]
作者机构：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083, [2]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081
相关基金：农业部软科学研究项目（201302）; 国家蛋鸡产业技术体系项目（CARS-41-K26）.

关键词：密集养殖区, 蛋鸡粪便, 区域层面, 污染防治, 农户意愿, intensive cultivation regions, poultry manure, regional collaboration, pollution prevention, egg farmers＇ preference

中文摘要：

随着我国畜禽产业迅速发展,畜禽养殖污染排放问题日益严重,特别是在密集养殖区域,畜禽粪便大量产生,已对当地环境造成严重威胁。本文基于河北、辽宁、山东、湖北和四川五省密集养殖区蛋鸡养殖户的调研数据,分析了我国蛋鸡密集养殖区内粪便处理的现状和问题。研究表明,蛋鸡粪便处理受到养殖户家庭劳动力数量和土地规模限制、养殖户对鸡粪在养殖场外处理方式关注程度不够、相关产业对畜禽粪便需求存在季节性、蛋鸡粪便市场化程度低及区域内蛋鸡粪便处理的配套设施不完善等是我国密集养殖区蛋鸡粪便处理存在的主要问题。针对我国密集养殖区蛋鸡养殖和粪便处理的特点,本文提出了要加强政府对区域内粪污治理的指导和支持力度;提高养殖户的粪污治理能力和区域合作意识;以肥料化作为粪便处理的主线,降低农户有机肥使用成本;控制鸡粪含水率,解决产业链各环节的技术和配套问题的政策建议。

英文摘要：

With the fast development of livestock and poultry industries in China, the pollution problem from livestock and poultry manure has become increasingly serious. Unlimited discharge of manure has threatened the local environment, especially in the intensive cultivation regions. Based on the survey data from five provinces, including Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Hubei and Sichuan, this study analyzes the current situation and problems in the disposal and utilization of poultry manure in intensive egg production regions in China. Results show that main problems of the disposal and unitization of poultry manure include： 1） when facing the shortage of labor and land, layer farmers are lack of consciousness on the disposal of the poultry manure outside their farms; 2） the demand for poultry manure displays strong seasonality; 3） poultry manure distribution and markets are not well developed; and 4） the facilities for manure disposal cannot keep up with the fast growth of egg production. Based on the characteristics of egg industry and poultry manure disposal situation in China, it is suggested that to strengthen government＇s guidance and support on manure pollution treatment; To increase layer farmers＇ ability and capacity on manure disposal and treatment and increase their awareness of regional collaborations; To process poultry manure into fertilizers to decrease the cost of using organic fertilizer; And to encourage the adoption of and provide support for new technology and equipment to reduce the manure moisture content.