目的探索围免疫抑制治疗(IST)期(IST前1个月至IST后3个月)感染对重型/极重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA/VSAA)患者IST疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析一线行IST的105例SAA/VSAA患者临床资料,研究围IST期感染特征及其对IST疗效的影响。结果全部105例患者中,97例(92.4%)发生270例次围IST期感染,中位感染2(1~7)次,中位发热7(1~47)d,发病部位以呼吸道最为常见,占35.1%。致病微生物明确的感染96例次(35.6%),共检出169株病原菌,以细菌为主,占88.2%。IST前1个月感染与未感染患者IST后6个月血液学反应率比较差异有统计学意义(50.8%对80.0%,P=0.004)。ROC曲线优化IST后6个月能否获得血液学反应的感染次数界限值为3次,发热时间界限值为4d。全部105例患者5年总生存(OS)率为76%,感染3次及以上患者5年OS率为(59.6±7.2)%,明显低于感染少于3次患者[(89.5±4.0)%](P〈0.01);发热时间〉/4d患者5年OS率为(63.4±5.8)%,明显低于发热时间〈4d患者(100.0%)(P〈0.01)。结论IST前1个月感染对IST疗效有影响,同IST期感染3次及以上、发热时间≥4d患者IST血液学反应率低,生存时间短。
Objective To explore the effects ofperi-immunosuppressive treatment (IST) infection on outcomes of severe and very severe aplastic anemia (SAA/VSAA) patients. Methods Medical record and follow-up data of 105 SAA/VSAA who underwent first-line IST were retrospectively analyzed to find out the characters of infections (1 month before to 3 months after IST), and its effects on hematologic response and survival. Results Of 105 patients, a total of 270 febrile episodes were recorded in 97 patients (92.4%) during their peri-IST periods, with the median infections of 2 (1-7) episodes in each patient with the median febrile duration of 7 (1-47) days. Respiratory system (35.1%) was the primary anatomic site of infection. Bacteria (88.2%) were common causes of total 169 pathogenic bacteria in 96 clear pathogenic bacteria episodes. And patients who got infection 1 month before IST had much lower 6-month hematologic response rate than their counterpart ones (50.8% vs 80.0%, P=0.004). Multiple febrile episodes (≥3 times) and the total febrile duration ≥4 days showed the best sensitivity and specificity according to the ROC curve analysis. The 5-year overall survival of the 105 patients was 76%. The 5-year OS of patients with multiple febrile episodes (≥3 times) were much lower than their counterpart ones [ (59.6±7.2)% vs (89.5±4.0)%] (P〈 0.01 ). The 5-year OS of the total febrile duration≥ 4 days was much lower than their counterpart ones [(63.4±5.8)% vs 100.0% ] (P〈 0.01). Conclusion Infections 1 month before IST were associated with hematologic response. Multiple febrile episodes (≥3 times) and infections with the febrile duration ≥4 days presented inferior hematologic response and survival.