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中文摘要：
运用实证调研和行为分析方法，通过对北京和上海的典型路段进行观测，研究道路的车道数与平均每车道通行能力的关系，结果表明在不受干扰的快速路基本路段上，道路的平均每车道通行能力随车道数的增加而边际递减。进一步基于驾驶员的驾驶行为分析得出，车辆换道行为的增加及其导致的车辆间相互干扰的增大是造成通行能力递减的主要原因。这一研究表明以后的道路规划设计中不能忽略车道数对平均每车道通行能力的影响，对完善道路通行能力手册的编制，道路网络的规划设计有着重要的理论意义和实践指导作用。
英文摘要：
The impact of the number of lanes on expressway capacity is investigated. Methodologically, a better understanding of the relationship between expressway capacity and the number of lanes is provided through empirical study and behavioral analysis. The empirical study is validated by using the extensive field survey of the traffic flows in Beijing and Shanghai. It is found out that the average capacity per lane decreases marginally with increasing number of lanes on uninterrupted expressway segments, which implies that the manuals of expressway capacity should be revised for better planning and design of road networks. An analysis of driving behavior indicates that the increase of lane-changing activity and its disturbance to traffic is the principal factor for the decrease of average lane capacity on expressways, which should be incorporated into the decision on whether adding lanes or constructing a new parallel road when travel demand exceeds road capacity.
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