飞山公信仰于唐末宋初肇迹于湖南靖州飞山。飞山公从杨氏祖先到地方神明,再到侗、苗、瑶、水等多族群共同信奉的区域性神明,是湘黔桂界邻区域地方官员与士绅精英群体及杨氏宗族、地方民众与国家长期互动的结果。地方官员与士绅精英群体借助战乱等灾难性事件创生飞山公“灵应”神迹,配合国家敕封,将飞山公塑造成忠于朝廷、保境安民的神明形象,不断助推其信仰的“标准化”、“正统化”。而杨氏宗族与地方民众扮演了将“祖先”与“神明”区域化、多样化的重要角色。
Feishangong belief emerged in Feishan in Jingzhou of Hunan province. First, it originated from the Yang's ancestor,later the local deity and now the regional deity worshiped by the Dong, Miao, Yao and Shui minority groups, an outcome of the interaction a- mong state and local officials, the elite group and Yang' clan, the local people of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi. Elites such as local of- ficials and gentry created the miracle of Feishangong with the help of catastrophic events to promote social stability. Coordinating the governmental policies, they shaped the image of Feishangong as a deity who was loyal to the government and could protect the mass from harm, standardizing and legitimating it continuously. Yang's clan and the local people played an important role in the localization and diversity of their ancestors and deities.