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中文摘要：
林木生长的特性决定了人工经营是一项长周期性的产业，具有一定的风险性。林地集中、连片经营，可以有效地实行封闭式经营，以减少风险带来的损失，同时也可以有效地发挥林地基本生产要素的作用，实现林业经营利益的最大化。从清水江流域文斗苗寨发现清代以降的林业契约文书中可以看出，林农在人工营林中活立木转让、林地买卖和林地租佃造林等活动中，都尽可能地考虑了林地的集中连片性经营。
英文摘要：
The characteristics of tree growth decide that the forestry management is a long -cycle industry, embodied with certain risks.With the concentration of the forestry,it can effectively implement closed manage-ment,so as to reduce the loss of risk.At the same time,it can effectively bring the basic factors in forestry pro-duction into full play and maximize the benefits from its management.From the forestry contracts found in Wen-dou Miao Village in Qingshuijiang Valley in the Qing Dynasty,it can be found that the forest farmers tried their best to maintain the concentrated and connected forestry management in the trading of transferring the property of living forests,in the buying and selling of forestry land and hiring of farmers to grow up trees.
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