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中文摘要：
文学与灾害的遭遇来自文学传统、时代使命、人学指向等多种因素。20世纪中国文学中的灾害书写承担着记录见证、反思警示的既定职责,文体类型相对集中,发展阶段不尽均衡,主题内涵多样丰富,艺术描写身陷困境。生存苦难主题展示流亡中的饥饿悲惨和城乡文明对峙;阶级对抗主题强调阶级压迫与身份表征,内蕴着二元对抗的思维模式;文化反思主题注目吃人现象和政治文化,意在还原人性、审视权力;生态环境主题批判技术理性和实用主义,指向现代价值体系主导下的宰制观念和利益崇拜。文化传统、时代语境和作家个体的选择倾向,构成灾害书写的艺术基因和潜在制约,反映到艺术表现方面,多纪实描写少虚构想象,呈现出＂繁复的单声部＂状态;多现实展示少美学提升,停留在露骨的写实层面;多情绪宣泄少意义追寻,想象性大于体验性。灾害书写谋求主题的丰厚和艺术的新变,其可行路径当在资源整合、视域融通和文化互释。
英文摘要：
With such established responsibilities as recording, witnessing, reflecting and warning, descrip- tion of disasters in the 20^th-century Chinese literature was characteristic of relatively centralized literary types, imbalanced stages of development, diverse and abundant themes and embarrassing artistic description. For sur- vival hardship, it showed hunger and misery in exile and opposition between urban and rural civilizations; for class rival, it emphasized class oppression and identity characterization, embodying the thinking mode of dual opposition; for cultural reflection, it concerned cannibalism and political culture, meaning to recover human character and examine power; and for ecological environment, it criticized technological reasoning and pragma- tism, attacking the dominant conception and interests worship under the guidance of modern ideological system. The artistic gene and potential constraint of disaster description involved cultural traditions, epical contest and the writer＇s individual alternative. As far as artistic representation is concerned, it adopted more realistic de- scription than fictional imagination, presenting a state of ＂repeated monophony＂, more reality presentation than aesthetic elevation, remaining undisguised realistic writing, more emotional drainage than meaning seeking, showing more imagination than experience. Description of disasters seeks profound themes and novel art, so a feasible means to it is resources synthesis, accommodation of views and mutual interpretation of cultures.
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