近代以来,社会治理体系的发展可以在政策问题建构权的转移过程中加以认识,在三权分立的框架中,政策问题建构权掌握在立法部门。立法部门从事政策问题建构和制定政策,行政部门只负责政策执行。19世纪的“党争”破坏了三权分立的政体框架,以至于在民主政体的重建中发展出政治—行政二分原则,使行政被当作一个相对独立的部门来加以建构,并规定政治部门是决策部门,掌握政策问题建构权,而行政部门则是执行部门。随着行政部门的发展以及社会问题的复杂化,出现了政策问题建构权向行政部门转移的趋势,并形成了“行政国家”。其中,“新政”时期是行政部门攫取政策问题建构权最为关键的阶段,自此,行政部门独大的局面一直没有改变。伴随着这一现象的发生,出现了民主政治的衰落和宪政体制的解体。
Abstract:In modern times, social governance system can be reflected in the transier of pohcy -maxmg power. In the structure of power separation, policy -making power is in the legislation, but in the 19th century, this separation was destroyed. As a result, politics and administration are formed in the democratic and political system. With the development of administration and complexity of social problems, policy -making power is gradually going into administration, so "administration country" appears from which administrative authorities have more power. With this, democratic politics is falling and constitutional system is broken.