青海夏日哈木是近年来新发现的超大型镍矿床,大地构造位置处于东昆仑造山带之东昆中花岗一变质杂岩带的隆起区,成矿与镁铁质一超镁铁质小侵入体有关,属岩浆深部熔离贯入型。矿体呈透镜状、似层状,主要产于辉石岩、橄辉岩和苏长岩中;矿石为块状、准块状、海绵陨铁状、浸染状、细脉状和斑杂状构造,粒状结构、交代结构和固溶体分离结构等。矿石金属矿物主要为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿,含少量和微量紫硫镍矿、马基诺矿、铬铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、辉铋矿、钛铁矿和自然铋等;脉石矿物主要有斜方辉石、橄榄石、普通辉石、基性斜长石、镁铁闪石、直闪石、滑石、蛇纹石等。文中对夏日哈木和金川我国两个超大型镍矿的主要地质特征作了对比;与世界上主要同类型硫化物铜镍矿床相比较,夏日哈木镍矿具有不少独特的特征,如其成岩成矿时代相对较年轻,矿石中铜的品位较低、亏损铂族元素等。
The Xiarihamu, Qinghai Province, is a supedarge nickel deposit discovered in the recent years. The deposit, geotectonieally, is located in the uplifted area of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Genetically, it is related to small mafic--ultramafic intrusions, and belongs to deep liquating injected type of magma. The ore-beating intrusion is mainly composed of gabbro--norite, orthopyroxenite, olivine pyroxenite, plagioclase-bearing lherzolite and orthopyroxene peridotite, while the orebodies are chiefly located in the orthopyroxenite and olivine pyroxenite in the form of lenses or stratoids. Massive, sideronitic and disseminated structure of sulfide ores are dominant in the orebodies, subordinately, taxitic and veinlet structure. The main ore minerals are pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite with minor and trace magnetite, chromite, pyrite, ilmenite, viorite, sphalerite, bismuthinite, bismuth, while the gangue minerals are orthopyroxene, olivine, augite, basic plagioclase, cummingtonite, anthophyllite, phlogopite, talc and serpentine. In this paper, the geological characteristics between Xiarihamu nickel depost and Jinchuan copper--nickel deposit (Gansu Province) are compared. This deposit has many unique characteristics. For instance, it has relatively young metallogenic epochs in comparision with the major sulfide Cu-- Ni deposits in the world. The ores are characterized by low grade copper and depleted in PGE.