通过调查广东省9个县市烟区虫害(小地老虎、烟青虫、斜纹夜蛾、蝽象、烟粉虱和烟蚜)化学防治情况发现:烟区销售使用的农药品种较旧;部分农资店随意销售禁用或限制高毒农药品种,如乙酰甲胺磷、水胺硫磷和灭多威;部分烟农盲目滥用化学农药,从而造成烟叶部分农药残留超标现象发生。以烟区采集的害虫为供试虫源,毒力测定结果表明:氯虫苯甲酰胺和甲维盐对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有较强杀虫活性,药后48 h LC50分别为2.76、0.85 μg/m L;啶虫脒对烟粉虱和烟蚜毒力较强,LC50分别为7.43 μg/m L(药后6 h)、2.76 μg/m L(药后48 h)。结合生产实际,提出了烟叶虫害化学药剂防治科学控制技术,并建议烟叶主管部门加强化学农药使用的监管和技术服务力度。
After investigating the situation of chemical control for pest (Agrotis ypsilon Rottemberg,Heliothis assulta Guenee,Spodoptera litura Fabricius,Aspongopus chinensis Dallas,Bemisia tabaci Gennadius,Myzus persicae Sulzer) in Guangdong tobacco areas,the results showed that some kinds of pesticide sold were old;some agricultural stores sold disabled or highly toxic pesticides,such as acephate,isocarbophos and methomyl;some farmers abused of chemical pesticides blindly,and it led to pesticide residues excessively in tobacco leaves.Results of laboratory bioassay indicated that the toxicities of chlorantraniliprole and emamectin Benzoate against the 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua were very high,and the values of LC50 (48 h) were 2.76 μg/m L and 0.85 μg/m L respectively; Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae were sensitive to chlorantraniliprole,and the values of LC50 were 7.43 μg/m L (6 h)and 2.76 μg/m L (48 h) respectively.Combined with the actual production,the paper provided the scientific control technologies of using chemicals,and suggested that the tobacco departments should strengthen the supervision and technical service.