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中文摘要：
俄罗斯高教强国之路始于18世纪初叶彼得一世的改革，崛起于20世纪50年代后的美苏争霸。俄罗斯高等教育的改革与发展始终是在传统的“大国意识”和“强国精神”的背景下展开的，处理本国传统和西方经验一直是其建设高等教育强国的首要问题。俄罗斯建设高等教育强国的主要经验有：实行高等教育管理部门所有制。调动部门办学积极性；采取超常规措施，迅速扩大高等教育规模；大力发展研究生教育，建设一流师资队伍；开创专业教育模式，坚持高等教育为经济社会发展服务。
英文摘要：
In Russia,the way to higher education great power began in the early 18th century when Peter I had a reformation. And it rose in the 1950s when Pre-Soviet Union had a hegemony all over the world with USA. Under the traditional ＂great power mentality＂ and ＂strong spirit＂, Russia carried out higher education reform and development. The primary problem was how to deal with their tradi- tions and the Western experience on the way to higher education great power. The main experiences can be indicated from Russia course of development being higher education great power： the Management Department had the ownership of higher education and mo- bilized the enthusiasm of the sponsoring department; taking extraordinary measures to expanse the scale of higher education rapidly; developing graduate education and building a first-class faculty; creating a professional education model and insisting higher education for the development of economic and society.
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