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中文摘要：
【目的】研究并明确长江中游覆膜对不同施氮梯度春玉米产量、氮素积累与利用效率及土壤速效氮素时空动态的影响规律,为长江中游发展覆膜春玉米及氮素养分管理提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验,进行两因素裂区试验,主因素为覆膜（F）和不覆膜（NF）,副因素为施氮量（5个施氮水平：0、135、202.5、270、337.5 kg/hm2,分别用N0、N135、N202.5、N270、N337.5表示）。于拔节期、吐丝期及成熟期测定春玉米氮素积累量（TNAA）及利用效率[氮肥农学利用效率（ANUE）和氮素回收率（NRE）],同时取0—20、20—40和40—60 cm土层土样测定硝态氮和铵态氮含量,成熟期测定产量及其构成因素。【结果】覆膜使春玉米增产23.0%45.9%,达极显著水平,增产的主要原因是增加穗粒数（7.6%37.0%,P〈0.05）和提高百粒重（0.5 2.1 g,P〈0.05）;增施氮肥主要通过增加穗粒数（60.2%125.0%,P〈0.01）来实现产量的提高（102.2%168.6%,P〈0.01）,而对穗数和百粒重无显著影响;二因素互作对春玉米产量、穗数、穗粒数及百粒重的影响均达极显著水平。分析春玉米对氮素的积累利用可以看出,长江中游春玉米TNAA随生育时期而显著增加,覆膜和增施氮肥显著提高各生育时期TNAA,但二因素互作仅对吐丝期TNAA影响显著。覆膜显著提高春玉米ANUE（45.32%164.23%）,但对NRE无显著影响;增施氮肥显著降低ANUE（26.21%43.71%）和NRE（26.75%47.20%）;二因素互作对春玉米ANUE和NRE影响程度亦未达到显著水平。覆膜增加土壤温度,加快了肥料的养分释放进程,同时覆膜改变春玉米生育进程,减少同期降雨量,提高中低施氮水平（N 135 270 kg/hm2）耕层（0—20 cm）土壤速效氮素的含量;覆膜显著提高N202.5和N270处理下20—40 cm土层土壤速效氮含量;覆膜仅对深层土壤（40—60 cm）拔节期速效氮含量的影响达显著水平。【结论】覆膜和施氮二者相?
英文摘要：
【Objectives】The mechanism of film mulching on spring maize grain yield,N accumulation,N use efficiency and soil available nitrogen spatial and temporal variations was studied under different N application rates,to provide theoretical basis for the practical use of the film mulching technology on spring maize in the middle reach of Yangtze River. 【Methods 】A split-block field experiment was conducted with film mulching（ F） or no film mulching（ NF） as main factor and N application rates as the deputy factor： N0,N135,N202. 5,N270 and N337. 5. Plant samples were collected at jointing,silking and maturity stage of maize,the N contents were determined and the nitrogen accumulation amount（ TNAA） and agronomy nitrogen use efficiency（ ANUE） and nitrogen recovery efficiency（ NRE） were calculated; at the same stage,soil samples of 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm in depth were collected,and the NO-3-N and NH＋4-N contents were analyzed. The yield and yield components were investigated after harvest. 【Results】There were significant differences of film mulching and N application on grain yield,ear number,ear kernels number and 100-kernel weight. Compared with NF,film mulching significantly increased grain yield by 23. 0%- 45. 9%（ P〈0. 01）,the main reason was that the ear kernels number were increased by7. 6%-37. 0%（ P〈0. 05） and 100- kernel weight increased by 0. 5-2. 1 g（ P〈0. 05）. N application significantly increased grain yield of spring maize by 102. 2%- 168. 6%（ P〈0. 01）,the main reason was the increase of ear kernels number（ 60. 2%- 125. 0%,P〈0. 01）,instead of the ear number and 100- kernel weight. Spring maize TNAA was increased significantly by film mulching and N application in the tested growth stages, but the interaction of the two experimental factors was only showed at silking stage. Compared to NF,film mulching increased the ANUE by 45. 32%- 164. 23% with different N application rates,but not significant on the NRE（ 2. 34%- 17. 64%）. The ANUE and NRE w
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