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中文摘要：
环境温湿度是影响文物保护的关键因子。本研究通过对奠高窟北区（132窟）封闭与开放洞窟的监测，对比分析了封闭对洞窟温湿度的影响，并通过人工冷凝确定了洞窟水分的主要来源。开放洞窟的温湿度随大气波动变化，但日温度波动幅度较小；潮湿天气对洞窟湿度影响较大，窟内温湿度主要受外界天气过程影响。相应地，洞窟封闭可消除外界气候及其温湿度日波动的影响，但可导致窟内湿度增高，这说明有来自围岩的水分进入洞窟。长期的封闭会使空气相对湿度明显增高，激活盐分，不利于壁画的保护。而在封闭洞窟内安装冷凝除湿一温湿度控制系统可有效地控制洞窟内的温湿度。洞窟水分的有效收集，证明有来自围岩的蒸发水分。洞窟封闭对比研究为洞窟类文物保护模式的探索提供了新的思路。
英文摘要：
Environmental temperature and humidity are key factors to consider in the fight to protect cultural rehcs. This work presents research carried out to monitor the temperature and humidity of sealed and open caves in the northern area of the Mogao Grottoes （cave no. 132）. The effect of sealing on the caves＇ temperature and humidity could thereby be deduced. By actively condensing the vapor present, the main sources of water in the caves could also be determined. In open caves, the temperature and humidity changes as the external atmosphere varies. The difference between the daily temperatures inside the open cave compared to that of the outside is relatively small. Wet weather significantly affects the cave＇s humidity. Temperature and humidity in the cave are therefore mainly controlled by the outside weather variations. Sealing the cave effectively eliminates the influence of these daily fluctuation. Sealing leads to an apparent increase of the humidity of the air in the cave, which indicates that water vapor arising from the surrounding rock must be entering the caves. A cave sealed for a long time has a relative humidity sufficiently large to activate salt movement, which will cause harm to the murals. However, installation of a condensation - dehumidification temperature - humidity control system in a sealed cave can control the temperature and humidity quite effectively. The condensed water collected in the cave validates the presence of the water vapor sources in surrounding rock. The research presented provides new ideas for exploring the ways of protectinga cave＇ s cultural relics.
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